In this sense, undefined diagnosis leaves to farmers the responsibility of taking informal sanitary measures. Secondly, the bovine herpesviruses type 5 (BoHV-5) and type 1 (BoHV-1) have assumed a special role in revealing the etiology of neurological diseases in Latin America, based on the negative results of rabies investigations (7, 8). Among bovine encephalitis disorders, rabies virus infection is the most controlled infectious disease with a national sanitary program ongoing in our country (6). As to its epidemiology, many reports have described this virus's worldwide distribution, but so far its disease status has not been completely documented in Brazil (2-5). Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF), a fatal lymphoproliferative disease of ruminant species including domestic cattle and wild living ruminants, is caused by gammaherpesvirus usually associated with malignant catarrhal fever viruses (1). Key words: ovine herpesvirus-2, malignant catarrhal fever (MCF), meningoencephalitis, cattle. This finding indicates that MCF disease is spread among herds concentrated in border areas between Mato Grosso do Sul and São Paulo states. The diagnosis was based on typical histological lesions characterized by systemic lymphohistiocytic and fibrinoid vasculitis, confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and subsequent phylogenetic analysis of detected OvHV-2 sequences. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a clinical case of MCF-like lesions associated with ovine herpesvirus-2 (OvHV-2) infection in young calves ( Bos indicus) including central nervous symptoms that occurred in Três Lagoas city, Mato Grosso do Sul state, a border town near São Paulo state, Brazil. Infection of susceptible ruminants, including domestic cattle ( Bos taurus) and American bison ( Bison bison), with ovine herpesvirus-2 (OvHV-2) may provoke the fatal vasculitis and lymphoproliferative syndrome, known as malignant catarrhal fever (MCF), reported worldwide. Estado de São Paulo, UNESP, Araçatuba, Brasil Laboratory of Animal Pathology and Virology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Univ. Malignant catarrhal fever-like lesions associated with ovine herpesvirus-2 infection in young calves ( Bos indicus): a case report Ovine herpesvirus-2 malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) meningoencephalitis cattle ![]() To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a clinical case of MCF-like lesions associated with ovine herpesvirus-2 (OvHV-2) infection in young calves (Bos indicus) including central nervous symptoms that occurred in Três Lagoas city, Mato Grosso do Sul state, a border town near São Paulo state, Brazil. Infection of susceptible ruminants, including domestic cattle (Bos taurus) and American bison (Bison bison), with ovine herpesvirus-2 (OvHV-2) may provoke the fatal vasculitis and lymphoproliferative syndrome, known as malignant catarrhal fever (MCF), reported worldwide.
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